 2 K' M0 U& d' _4 C) b9 gmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">写作作为一种人文表现行为# m! h& H) j& D/ _ @( P. j$ W
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 5 w1 o5 F; @5 U
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:' M8 s" z0 y% ]3 W% v5 T8 K
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实质是认识的表达。写作最重要的两个因素1 h5 r' |3 m3 M, j6 f2 ^
mso-font-kerning:0pt">) ) ) * p& X4 t& Q/ g7 \! J0 }宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:' Q9 r D, B1 t. k; k. B* I5 b& z4 Q L
0pt">内容与形式决定了其与社会生活息息相关。内容来自于丰富多彩的社会生活现象9 O% _8 `" Z9 J' S+ |0 R
mso-font-kerning:0pt">; ; Q( y# L$ ?3 e, `& B5 b, ^- gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:& B+ K3 {$ @8 b3 `+ e
0pt">形式来自于事物发展变化的规律及生活现象的表现形式。没有社会生活: x3 l/ c* G7 _! m! ~
12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";
) H2 ~/ X- l2 D( X/ m6 v+ L- hmso-font-kerning:0pt">, 8 u6 ?3 K9 I$ f5 r" {9 S( ^
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0 b( \ q, G0 o$ |$ G
0pt">写作不仅会因材料匮乏而成为无源之水7 A3 L: l) k( c# U( C/ Pfont-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:
! r. V2 q( \8 W+ n' D" ]# p P8 Q0pt">, $ w1 X8 q, q1 H4 A; P9 G"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无本之木* L3 g. I+ O3 N3 I# |; h6 o3 @"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">; 8 @ f0 J8 ?# d) ]$ Bfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
# J6 W& I4 L# J- q- B8 p宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">同时也会因写作形式乃至写作技巧失却营养而使文章黯然失色。然而长期以来" H1 u2 h- z. F5 v! E# s1 r
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 4 T# O# l. O3 K; L
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
* K6 I5 Q0 `: g3 S' ~/ c9 u4 O宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">在写作理论研究与写作实践中" [. s) h5 y1 L: p
12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";/ n1 N9 s8 \$ W2 `' X0 Y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">, ( @" z2 _9 s: u# Xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
; |: b3 _0 f: f# E, T0pt">人们往往注重于写作内容对社会生活的依赖( t5 F3 D- @! n4 j' z' a
font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:
: B2 b* j6 n% {' k8 i0pt">, + d" F( g7 P9 o# Q# U( W
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">而忽略社会生活对写作技巧的滋养( }9 R! u8 t+ H% I1 u"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, " s: C' V8 {* O3 u0 e
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:9 N8 G2 O' @. d% G5 S
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">认为写作材料来自于生活0 M8 }2 ^. t' |( w
12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";
/ }3 {9 I6 x+ c, P5 k4 N' l/ W( hmso-font-kerning:0pt">, 3 |' w8 |/ L$ D& W$ E+ {
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:* z; `" Z+ i( ]( [) @& Q
0pt">而写作技巧则来自于名作家3 U" @+ \0 y2 z3 x/ l! V2 g"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, " {* S" o/ W- F( Kmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">来自于书本。其实7 z" f( x% B; I( c3 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">, 0 A! A8 K: q2 |: T! L2 kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
, G- A! P6 p9 u1 P& i0 r0pt">这是一种误解。写作1 q1 i% x" z' c3 r$ {
mso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ " \* v9 w' H& b% G$ k Xmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">技巧的获得固可借助于前人的作品8 r3 ^4 T- i" q" O' N"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 9 P. {- S2 i) z+ Gfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:; H/ y/ N+ C6 D/ p+ I+ Y
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">然而倘以乞灵故纸为己是0 Q2 q2 r4 y- h9 e" A& K7 w12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";0 E) u! u. o v$ h% D
mso-font-kerning:0pt">, $ M* W7 r9 r. I# A/ k/ ~
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
% j) F1 z9 j, W2 y/ p0pt">而不求诸活生活的现实- h' d% A/ ~; b2 _"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, : w! z7 j4 c9 ~2 y* K$ B6 W: b) Zmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">势必成为井底之蛙了2 Y. H" U) }1 A
mso-font-kerning:0pt">0/ r8 k0 w! }$ s7 P- h" ~# C8 s
font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:5 u9 N, x' G! _) h U: v& S
0pt">[ 1] ( P502) 5 Y4 C! I9 D( ?, `( B& Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:( W' {! X/ ? r( V* \6 S3 v% ?
0pt">。写作技巧的本源在生活。研究生活 x% ~; \4 a U9 x, G- Nfont-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:
6 o, k2 m2 _% M" m) k" F* L0pt">, 4 L) J: |* K/ ]- V- j; W' V% \' g
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学习写作技巧是写作学习者提高写作技能的根本途径。这一点) {9 W$ ]2 T. ]; e8 ]! t$ C, h2 o: V"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, # z: ]; F" K4 u. Lfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
: u* X: P9 j% t0 b- Q+ T宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">作家柳青有深刻的理解3 S. h: _: g; d" f. ?9 H3 ]5 r
12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";
W* B* Q ?4 |( X; f! g( }mso-font-kerning:0pt">, ) a7 {3 [2 X) L1 r5 X" |
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:; d+ k9 ]* B* I+ }5 c
0pt">他说' t/ M6 U0 ]- q0 H, P9 ?mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">: & G U5 I: X7 M% e- s"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ ' s" u7 A3 h0 U) F8 k2 \, t* \
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
; h' C2 l, A, _4 b: X9 {. B' U宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">技巧是从哪里来的呢6 Z6 J0 B# D" W I1 F12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";6 }: S; i% S# K3 \" c
mso-font-kerning:0pt">? " W- V+ O& B/ l% }
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
: Y$ [; R+ e( z0 ]0pt">一般认为 r3 S5 h6 I" L
mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, ! X; {5 S& M9 f2 B/ Q ?. Kmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">技巧是从别人书里学来的4 a% O9 C( @. _% z7 M) z& D"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 8 w1 r" c* a8 k1 K3 [) n; [
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:( x" i- F4 g, e' j8 i! Z
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">前人的书或者是现代人的书。其实呢$ h/ \1 h+ G6 @3 H
mso-font-kerning:0pt">? ! H# G* T. S2 g0 j4 f) f( d, ^) r
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
" z2 G' h: X" ?1 a9 w7 B7 r0pt">其实9 S; ^- P! Z: a) X1 C2 |
mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, - P" ]$ R4 o/ |- ?4 Vmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">技巧主要的也是人研究生活来的4 N3 T. h0 X5 c3 q"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">07 K5 H% f- t# p" F( I
mso-font-kerning:0pt">[ 2] 3 }. l- N5 X, |. Z: v, c& Q宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
9 _# X0 H! `( Q1 g. P; {0pt">。宋代大诗人陆游在1 S I% l w/ d+ A0 Q
mso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">5: J" {& e0 E4 ~8 R+ B1 m( Rmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">示子! P _1 [$ j3 I3 @2 B- w* {0 [12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">遹, k( ?5 Z6 D9 o# T" ~3 [9 f' Z! ?"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">6# F( X- e/ ~3 z' W- |* l1 Jfont-family:B9+SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:B9+SimSun;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中谆谆告诫儿子1 E& f- K2 w6 ]% b"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ * A8 K* _, s* M8 g' {font-family:B9+SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:B9+SimSun;mso-font-kerning:0pt">汝果欲学诗* Y6 G( S% Z* r5 N
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">,5 q9 g& M. v' c, B
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:1 l7 v' Q. i6 w5 d. W
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">工夫在诗外2 q9 U% u) ~; Ffont-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:8 ^4 d2 K0 h' X" e
0pt">05 j5 T1 E8 a+ D; K. s4 T4 x
mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">[ 3] ( P134) , . {( L* Y8 @1 l1 r, ~: b- umso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">也意识到火热的现实生活是艺术创作的无尽宝藏# u2 t; j2 v$ A$ V q! X
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, & _5 s4 ?& ?9 K% u
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:' {! Z- _6 I a8 t# ^6 Z
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">写诗的妙处不在; P! e" D4 W* n! Z w1 u% nfont-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:
6 }1 g# C7 r1 s" @& q5 G0pt">/ $ H0 S9 X5 I- O e( J1 A"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">藻绘; \2 V# [7 l( @; E# e1 T9 l' \"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">05 G) i: P. Z' G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">, , U% f, K% I$ Emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:* d, X; D* `7 R3 q. E/ [5 b
0pt">不在5 }8 [) k9 E# Y7 G" l& W
mso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ 8 y) I) q5 w$ ~$ V. n6 f
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">狡狯/ A9 F. A2 R; y5 L* b
mso-font-kerning:0pt">03 w7 P2 ]$ a( r2 m! G) x& \6 g0 ~
font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:: B! @7 Z' h! k3 P3 O+ u
0pt">, $ V" g5 i. K+ J4 d* I M, L/ b( u"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">而在山程水驿之中# D+ ]: w0 u) F4 h7 A2 {"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 2 p1 u& I6 F( i1 x3 V6 x0 ofont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:) X( j' {8 l$ q0 s0 E. M* Y
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">在对生活万象的观察与理解之中。
* s/ c9 o* g: T3 N& E+ x7 i
2 j3 W6 Z: X, Y, c5 d6 o L7 O! ^ M' ?mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
8 X$ P& B* K/ v. Q7 B0 V4 d7 G5 r3 l F$ M2 Y
2 q) g7 {9 G* @mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为什么说写作技巧的本源在生活& K2 A: R8 s. c$ \! W% O- S
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">? # b) T# g9 k* u6 S, }font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:% L5 P1 _2 e4 l; N# B8 ?/ O, o
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要而言之& Q$ @% {" ^6 f" T5 T7 k) l. Ofont-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:
# e- C6 N$ @ f& _- A, P& Y% O* s0pt">, , m0 U" o/ U) U0 S! p7 s"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">有下面几点理由。
2 G# d: d; H) c! h+ P
. I9 p- d7 k3 |, ]( C- @, L/ P: K+ j" E6 ~mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
9 L) ] K; f+ m* x6 B* v
Z- t9 j* M% [6 J: B. t3 v( Q1 Nmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">首先) h2 F6 ?9 _# d/ Q9 a- s
mso-font-kerning:0pt">, / M1 j. F, l% @4 j: b* \mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
& V6 ]# z1 c# l0 X0pt">社会生活的万般形态为写作技巧的形成提供了依据。我们知道+ R& H! Y3 K6 o" Efont-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:
2 L9 D1 ^ n0 o% m6 M+ A9 j, @4 f3 ?0pt">, : V$ P- l" b( L9 [1 D
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">写作是以文章的形式反映社会生活的。这种反映/ U/ e: N; I' W6 Y0 |
"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ & R$ N* O6 H$ \font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
" i0 |2 ]% Q/ C6 S宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">必须把生活写得跟原来面目一样! l! y' T$ h* Q# a( amso-font-kerning:0pt">, 6 K9 x! e; e8 k. [* ~
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:' r& m- |7 Z7 {# D5 q
0pt">把人写得跟原来面目一样' `- F* R/ @9 O
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, " X+ D* n9 N3 d4 n4 f8 f/ {
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">而不是捏造出来0 B/ M: C- p0 P9 v4 j4 f
mso-font-kerning:0pt">0 - O# X. f, t2 M# [& ?( w% @font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:3 B. Z) I4 d+ Q- Z% ?5 P+ b
0pt">( 8 f1 K. f! `# i' }( s"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">契诃夫语0 _9 }6 S% A' g% y
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">) [ 4] ( P140) 3 |* p- l( s* l! v
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。那么0 C! L1 o1 S7 V2 ]/ f
mso-font-kerning:0pt">, ; I7 R# Z' Q. t! @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
7 t6 _" y) y: F6 W: d, ^0pt">怎样才能象契诃夫说的那样1 e1 ^- w* r- x* Q9 o
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 8 w" ]0 E4 E3 L. P( Y( D3 Y
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">客观地、真实地、原原本本地反映生活呢, E+ Q2 d" Q* N% R" y
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">?0 V: P) c5 K0 s# ^8 S2 E) @9 g3 yfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:1 O" \6 W& ^% B# F6 K
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">那就是写自己看见的1 s# S( C* y [! w/ i5 s& n6 X12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";6 i( A6 a! ^$ R. I
mso-font-kerning:0pt">, / J$ G* a3 N+ Y. a3 Omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:: h, k+ u h$ `1 N; R/ C) C
0pt">感觉到的# T# J. u$ L9 c& J0 \# Qmso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 2 g" i& y$ X' h0 ~$ Z- H2 G
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">而且要写得真确诚恳才成。如此 i- l5 G1 W, X1 [3 ?* F7 W0 {0 D
"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, ) @/ p$ D/ R. Nfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:3 F n/ B* q& O! v& \$ T, E" H6 F
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">事物的多姿多彩与千变万化可以启发作者获得观察的技巧" N: U& r% l L1 z' g) _: w; E; Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">, & G- C& ?( v; e, ]5 T
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:" Q7 C1 c3 k9 N& p5 x; M; l
0pt">描写的技巧( r, g" q0 g: v: r; fmso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">; / p/ m& V e; R( ~
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0pt">事物前后变化的规律便启发人们总结出# Y9 z" \: D$ q1 B" W7 D8 l& s
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"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">便产生了。由事物发展变化的规律启发人们获得的写作技巧也很多。例如( p* }0 O r- A/ k3 s
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font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ ( c3 t. j5 D7 G; O& S a. }+ \# i# xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
