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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： * _$ p+ g; ^) u9 m) p( u6 d7 Nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:5 e$ P t- i* Q% m+ X
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- q+ j" B- C0 F" a, p# n; `# WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2 d( f F% ~! ?# j! D9 y7 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">17 `% i! O# B' m) m6 m- L$ u7 o* {+ z
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; g0 ?; z( a- k! X1 F& x4 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：6 ^- q& B' B9 O, r9 t
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: N$ J( \) T$ X& A# gmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。# g4 ^/ Y0 F/ \color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。! O; R; O, A) `) _* F+ Z/ d0 G
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0 ~6 ?+ p5 x7 q" omso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。9 h8 k: k/ j9 Y" D, I
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* S% I0 U- ]4 \0 t, h/ ~+ D/ d" nmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？/ C- C! N9 C8 w T' k2 Z- Hcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。! D. c" S3 H. p$ M2 [0 J5 {$ @! E
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3 P8 p3 @, D8 c# ]+ [( UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢$ Y7 K; Y' U# o5 J+ p& kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " r v" G0 j, I- M( Z7 q1 j
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白: q/ f8 q K9 _! E6 h; x! D. dmso-font-kerning:0pt"> , b4 d* L! \6 A! j) K. X4 I
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2 A% h L8 y2 j$ n, l$ {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学) _( L9 y4 h: s" q# H2 G
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; C* L$ E5 B( jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么/ x) F. K. a" F9 E0 amso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 b6 g; [# m8 X9 ~/ gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' w D& @0 a/ Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？1 W6 m- T# n$ l5 k _mso-font-kerning:0pt">——. `7 A8 @* C0 G5 Z$ a% Q; jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 M0 o. @3 o0 ~% R! L3 T4 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。& `( Q% K9 C+ U0pt"> _. i S; |- m0 j" m) A) [
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5 E1 d9 A$ a# Z" BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚2 U; T: k6 j# v) Y( M" t; O3 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. U# z E# c# yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！& f% i- O4 }2 a3 s6 t( v7 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 N9 |1 }: ?+ f6 y- tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假" @$ U+ N. t; P, nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 T5 D. R; W% E" B, z$ }) J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是) Z6 }( V) Z, {0 P4 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- V; J V1 F* M9 Z! P! qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 i% d; `- ?, ^* d( X3 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题$ ]% d$ e& Y$ ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。' P" A% d1 A5 ^
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1 W" G: O2 E h- Z' y2 {/ v# gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴( l U( }" s; G) o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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